Lutein and lycopene are naturally occurring substances found in many plants. Both are classified as carotenoids, red, yellow or orange pigments synthesized in plants. Carotenoids in general have undergone a number of research studies as to their possible benefits against cancer and cardiovascular disease, among other health issues. Lutein is particularly being studied for its effects on the human eye. Lutein and lycopene are both found in numerous foods. Talk with your medical practitioner before taking additional supplements.
Definition
Carotenoids fall into two different classes. Lycopene is classified as a carotene, while lutein is classified as a xanthophyll. Both lycopene and lutein, along with other carotenoids, have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants work by interrupting the negative effects of free radicals, compounds that can damage cells. Some carotenoids convert to vitamin A in the body, but lutein and lycopene do not.
Sources
Tomatoes are the best food source of lycopene, although apricots, pink grapefruit, watermelon and papaya also contain lycopene. Studies show that cooked tomatoes supply more lycopene than raw, which may mean that cooking increases absorption, the American Cancer Society reports. Lutein is found in kale, spinach and other greens, Brussels sprouts, green beans, squash, cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and yellow and orange fruits, including oranges and peaches. Eating a small amount of fat, as little as 3 to 5 g, along with carotenoids helps the body absorb them better.
Benefits
In clinical trials, lutein, one of two xanthophylls found in the eye, appeared to decrease cataract formation. Studies on the benefit of lutein for macular degeneration have produced inconsistent results, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center reports. Lutein acts in the eye by absorbing blue light, which may reduce light-mediated oxidative damage in the eye. Lutein may slightly reduce the risk of colorectal and renal cell cancers, according to the same source. Lycopene has shown some clinical benefit in the prevention of lung, prostate and stomach cancers, and may also protect against breast, cervical and gastrointestinal cancers, the American Cancer Society reports.
Considerations
Excessive intake of any carotenoids can cause the skin to turn yellow. Excessive lycopene intake can cause a deeper orange color at lesser doses, because of its deeper coloration, the Linus Pauling Institute reports. No other adverse effects for lycopene or lutein have been reported. Beta-carotene, another type of carotenoid, can increase the risk of developing lung cancer in smokers.
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