A lot of researchers are focused on finding ways to prevent prostate cancer, the second most deadly cancer for men after lung cancer. One nutrient that may be promising for prevention is vitamin D---but as of January 2011, it's not clear that taking in more vitamin D will reduce your risks. With studies yielding mixed results so far, the National Cancer Institute and other authorities say more research is needed.
About Prostate Cancer
One in six American men will develop cancer of the prostate, a walnut-size gland that is part of a man's reproductive system. The main risk factor is age: prostate cancer most often occurs in men over age 65 and is rare in those under 45. Other risk factors include family history and the presence of certain abnormal cells in the prostate. It's also more common among black men. Treatments may include surveillance, surgery, radiation, hormones or chemotherapy.
Role of Vitamin D
Your body makes most of the vitamin D you need through direct exposure to sunshine. You can also get it from some foods and supplements. It helps build and maintain strong bones by helping with the absorption of calcium, and also contributes to muscle strength, inflammation control and boosting your immunity. Recommended daily intake of vitamin D is at least 600 IU for ages 19 to 70 and 800 IU after age 71.
Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer
The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center---while stating that more research is needed---lists prostate cancer as one of 16 cancers for which vitamin D may help reduce the risk. Both the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society cite studies indicating vitamin D's possible preventive value, yet both said the research picture is too complex to recommend it. For one thing, some studies show no benefits, and one actually linked vitamin D with a higher risk for an aggressive form of prostate cancer. Also, it may be hard to separate vitamin D's effects from those of calcium because of the way they work together.
Recommendations on Prevention
You might need vitamin D supplements if a blood test reveals that you have a deficiency, but talk to your doctor before trying it for prostate cancer prevention or anything else. Taking too much can cause side effects including nausea, constipation and weakness. According to the American Cancer Society, you might reduce your risk for prostate cancer by eating less red meat and fat, and more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Other nutrients and medications being studied for possible preventive benefits include lycopenes, vitamin E, selenium, finasteride and dutasteride.
References
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center: Could Vitamin D Help Fight Cancer?
- National Cancer Institute: Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention
- American Cancer Society: Vitamin D
- National Cancer Institute: What You Need To Know About Prostate Cancer
- American Cancer Society: Can Prostate Cancer Be Prevented?
- American Cancer Society: How Many Men Get Prostate Cancer
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