Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a digestive disorder characterized by its most common symptoms of abdominal cramps, bloating, stomach pain, and alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome differs from other digestive disorders in that it does not cause permanent damage to the intestines and does not lead to any other complications or chronic diseases. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, approximately 20 percent of Americans have irritable bowel syndrome.
Causes
The exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome has not been identified. Researchers have proposed several different theories, however. One of the most common theories is that people with irritable bowel syndrome have an extremely sensitive large intestine that reacts abnormally to certain foods and increased stress. Another theory is that the muscles in the large intestine do not work properly in people with irritable bowel syndrome. If contractions are rapid and intense, it causes diarrhea. If contractions are slow and drawn out, it causes constipation.
Diet Changes
Because the cause of irritable bowel syndrome is unclear, treatment can be difficult. Many people experience relief from symptoms by making a number of diet changes. Every case of irritable bowel syndrome differs, so foods that bother one person may not bother another. It is important to pay attention to your body and identify foods that cause symptoms. These foods are often referred to as trigger foods. Some of the most common trigger foods include beans, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, fried foods and fatty foods. Dairy products and high-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and bran, can also trigger symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Chewing gum and regularly drinking through a straw can cause you to swallow excess air, which may also exacerbate symptoms.
Eating Schedule
Many people find relief from irritable bowel syndrome by spreading out their food intake throughout the course of the day, rather than eating large meals. Eating five to six small meals per day may put less strain on the digestive system and allow your body to digest foods more easily. This can help reduce severity of symptoms. Eating at approximately the same time every day may also help regulate bowel function, improving symptoms.
Other Treatment
If you cannot control your symptoms through diet and eating changes, your doctor may prescribe medications that can help. Anti-diarrheal medications can help control diarrhea and fiber supplements may help reduce constipation. Anticholinergic medications can also help control the abnormal spasms in the large intestine, possibly improving symptoms.
