Lactose is a molecule of sugar that must be split into two separate sugars, galactose and glucose, before it can be absorbed into the body. The galactose and glucose then become absorbed into the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase is the enzyme that is responsible for splitting the lactose into galactose and glucose. Lactase is found on the surface of the small intestine cells. Lactose intolerance occurs when that lactase activity that splits lactose is absent or reduced. Knowing the signs and symptoms can help determine if you are lactose intolerant.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a common symptom associated with lactose intolerance. The diarrhea can range in severity from mild to severe. The severe cases are often accompanied by severe abdominal cramps that last for the duration of the diarrhea. Typically, diarrhea that occurs as the result of lactose intolerance takes place between 30 minutes and 2 hours after consuming lactose.
Abdominal Bloating
Abdominal bloating may occur as the result of too much lactose intake, especially in the case of consuming large amounts of milk products. Abdominal bloating is simply the swelling of your abdomen, which causes your stomach to appear larger than normal. The abdominal bloating may also be accompanied by a tenderness of your stomach area that is uncomfortable when pressed. You can identify bloating of the abdomen by measuring the distance around your abdomen both before and after consuming lactose-based products.
Flatulence and Belching
Flatulence, more commonly known as gas, occurs when air from the intestine passes through the rectum. Belching occurs when air from the digestive tract passes through the mouth. Generally, the flatulence and belching are temporary and will pass over the course of approximately two hours after starting. Gas associated with lactose intolerance generally has a foul smell that is much stronger than normal flatulence.
Considerations
The presence of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate lactose intolerance as there are numerous gastrointestinal diseases and conditions that cause similar symptoms. If you feel your symptoms are the result of lactose intolerance, schedule an appointment with your doctor to discuss testing and a treatment plan.
References
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse: Lactose Intolerance
- "The Milk Sugar Dilemma: Living with Lactose Intolerance"; Sherlyn Martens; 1987
- "Food Allergy and Intolerance: Current Issues and Concerns"; Victoria Emerton; 2002
