Niacin, is a form of vitamin B-3 that is involved in metabolism of carbohydrates. It also facilitates the use of fat and protein derivatives in the generation of energy. Niacin has vasodilatory effects and helps in sustaining blood flow to organs throughout the body. Niacin, and other B vitamins, are easily destroyed by the use of alcohol.
Niacin in Food
Niacin is mostly absorbed from dairy products, meats, fish, nuts, cereal and nuts. Niacin is different from other B vitamins because it remains active even after the heating of food. Niacin can be synthesized by the body from its precursor, tryptophan. Niacin is eventually converted to niacinamide, its active form. Niacin in excess can cause flushing of the face and neck. Flushing is the result of extensive vasodilation of blood vessels in the face and neck.
Niacin Deficiency
Niacin deficiency, or pellagra, is a condition cause by true vitamin B-3 deficiency. Pellagra is common in people who ingest excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis. Alcohol is a potent destroyer of niacin in the body. Niacin deficiency is also common in people whose diet is derived from mostly corn.
Symptoms of Niacin Deficiency
The three most common symptoms associated with niacin deficiency include diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia. A person deficient in niacin may also experience a loss in appetite, irritability and weakness. Niacin deficiency is life-threatening and can be fatal if untreated.
Alcoholism
In addition to niacin deficiency, alcoholism increases the risk for many diseases, including liver disease, malabsorptive disorders, heart muscle disease and arrhythmias. Alcoholism can cause megaloblastic anemia as a result of folate deficiency. Excess alcohol use may decrease sex drive and sperm production.
