Cold water swimming typically occurs in water that is below 70 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the United States Search and Rescue Task Force. Swimming in this type of water may have some health benefits, according to certain sources, but various dangers are also involved, depending on the conditions and the health of the swimmer.
Risks
One of the hazards of swimming in cold water is the initial shock of the cold temperature, which can place severe strain on the body, cause an instant cardiac arrest, or result in disorientation, according to the U.S. Search and Rescue Task Force. Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, and the cold water will cause your body temperature to drop, potentially leading to amnesia at 94 degrees, unconsciousness at 86 degrees and even possible death at approximately 79 degrees.
Preparation
Before immersing yourself in cold water, you must undergo appropriate preparation to keep your body safe. The U.S. Search and Rescue Task Force recommends always having someone with you or telling someone where you will be in case of an emergency. Additional recommendations include dressing in several layers of clothing, swimwear or a wetsuit. Finally, keep a personal flotation device near or on you.
Tips
The Outdoor Swimming Society recommends diving right in when you are ready to become immersed in the cold water in order to acclimate quickly and overcome the initial shock. If you exhale as you enter the water, you can counteract cold water causing your rib cage to contract and resulting in the feeling of not being able to breathe. Once you are in the water, give your body some time to react and allow your natural circulation to adjust. Finally, the Outdoor Swimming Society suggests swimming to a destination in order to keep your mind on your goal, rather than on the cold temperature.
Health Benefits
While it is important to follow safety guidelines for cold water swimming, there are also some benefits for the body, according to TheNextChallenge.org. Scientists from the Czech Republic found that immersing subjects in cold water actually increased their white blood cell counts and activated their immune systems. In addition, immersion in cold water stimulates the parasympathetic system responsible for rest and repair, which can also trigger the release of dopamine and serotonin. Cold water swimming can help to get your circulation going, pushing blood through your capillaries, veins and arteries. Consult a health-care provider for more information.
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