Although an allergy to vitamin and mineral supplements is rare, it does occur. You may be allergic to a specific vitamin or mineral or to the ingredients in the supplements. Some supplements may contain soy, milk or wheat by-products that can trigger a food allergy. Vitamin manufacturers are required by law to disclose the use of any major food allergen ingredients. The manufacturer will place a statement on the bottle that reads, "contains: milk." Before taking any supplement, talk with your doctor to determine if it is safe for you with your medical history.
Vitamin Allergy
A vitamin allergy may occur because you're taking too many vitamins, which can place stress on your immune system and body. A vitamin and mineral allergy can occur from ingesting a supplement or by touching the supplement with your skin. Symptoms will vary in severity based on what type of vitamin or mineral you're allergic to and how much of the allergen is in the supplement. Any adverse reactions need to be discussed with your doctor because allergic reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially deadly reaction.
Cause
An allergic reaction to vitamins and minerals is caused by a hypersensitivity to proteins found in the supplement. When you ingest or touch the vitamin or mineral, your immune system overreacts and creates antibodies and histamine to fight off the allergen. Although the vitamins and minerals are safe for human consumption, your body reacts as if they're dangerous. Immunoglobulin E, or IgE, antibodies cause mast cells to produce histamine, which in turn leads to inflammation in soft tissues.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a vitamin allergy can affect your skin, digestive tract, lungs and sinuses. Some people can develop allergic contact dermatitis, a skin rash that develops by touching the substance. After taking an oral allergy supplement you may experience shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, nasal congestion, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain. Call your doctor at the first signs of any of these symptoms to avoid further complications.
Severe Symptoms
In rare cases, taking a vitamin and mineral supplement can cause severe allergic reactions. If you develop facial, tongue, throat or lip swelling, become short of breath and notice hives on your skin, call 911 for emergency medical attention. You may need an injection of epinephrine to treat the severe allergy.
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