ParaGard, also called the copper IUD, is one of two intrauterine devices FDA-approved for use in the United States. ParaGard is a T-shaped, plastic device that is inserted in the uterus. This birth control method is reversible, but when in place, protects against pregnancy for up to ten years. According to the Mayo Clinic, the ParaGard IUD is between 99.2 and 99.4 percent effective preventing pregnancy. This device does not contain hormones, but protects against pregnancy by blocking sperm from fertilizing an egg and inactivating sperm in the cervical mucus.
Menstrual Changes
The ParaGard IUD can cause menstrual cramps and longer menstrual periods as well as spotting between periods. According to Planned Parenthood, this type of IUD can increase menstrual flow by as much as 50 to 75 percent, which can cause anemia. These side effects generally decrease after three months.
Pelvic Infection
According to the Mayo Clinic, a pelvic inflammatory infection, also referred to as PID, may occur within three weeks after insertion of the ParaGard IUD. This condition is an infection of the organs in the pelvis due to the introduction of bacteria. Symptoms of PID include heavy bleeding, unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, chills, fever, pelvic pain and pain during sex.
Expulsion
The ParaGard IUD may slip out of place which can leave you unprotected against pregnancy. According to Planned Parenthood, expulsion of the IUD is more common in younger women that have not had a baby. After the IUD is inserted, threads can be felt in the vagina. Your physician will teach you how to check for the presence of the threads once a month to ensure the device is still in place.
Perforation
The ParaGard IUD may puncture the wall of the uterus during insertion or if it slips out of place after insertion. If the IUD slips outside of the uterus, it can cause scarring and damage to other organs and tissues. If perforation of the uterus occurs, you are not protected against pregnancy.
