Fluoride occurs naturally in minute amounts in soil and water. In the 1940's, it was discovered that people who lived in areas where fluoride content in the water supply was higher than normal had fewer cavities, according to the National Cancer Institute. After scientists made this connection, communities began adding fluoride to their water supplies. Too much fluoride can be toxic and cause a variety of problems.
Cardiovascular Issues
A 2007 incident report from United States Environmental Protection Agency notes that cardiac effects have been associated with acute sodium fluoride through oral, dermal, and/or inhalation exposure routes. In an unsuccessful suicide attempt, a 25-year old male ingested 120 g of roach powder with 97 percent sodium fluoride and had severe toxic reactions multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Within 14 hours following exposure, the patient experienced 63 episodes of ventricular fibrillation. According to the Fluoride Toxicity Research Collaborative, toxic levels of fluoride in the body can cause heart palpitations and increased heart rate without exertion. A person's age, height, weight and the amount of fluoride ingested determine the severity of the symptoms.
Gastrointestinal
Toxic levels of fluoride in the body can cause gastrointestinal irritation as well. Almost 50 percent of the sodium fluoride the body ingests is changed into hydrofluoric acid, according to the Fluoride Journal. This excess amount of hydrofluoric acid is absorbed by the mucous membrane in the stomach and circulated throughout the body. This causes stomach irritation, drooling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Too much fluoride in the body also tampers with food digestion and the body's ability to utilize nutrients for fuel.
Neurological
When too much fluoride is ingested, it begins to accumulate in the tissues. This accumulation can become toxic and cause a variety of neurological reactions. Convulsions, headache, tremors and muscle weakness are possible depending on the amount of fluoride in the body. If convulsions occur, call the National Poison Control Center immediately. The 24-hour number is 1-800-222-1222. The experts at the center will be able to give you instructions on what to do if convulsions or seizures occur.
Bone/Skeleton Weakness
Fluoride accumulates in the body in the same places where calcium accumulates. This is why it is added to water and dental products. It works to protect the teeth much like calcium works to protect bone. Too much fluoride can cause abnormal bone growth. This excess bone can sometimes cause brittleness to occur. Bone spurs are also possible. If an accidental overdose of fluoride occurs, milk or some type of calcium may be given to neutralize it before it can cause any damage. Ipecac, or other emetic, may also be given to cause vomiting.
