In 2009, Americans purchased an estimated $24.8 billion in organic foods, a 5 percent increase from the previous year, according to the Organic Trade Association. The term "organic" refers to a set of government-established guidelines for food cultivation and processing. Organic farming practices emphasize long-term environmental approaches to food production that may be healthier for consumers, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Pesticides
Chemical pesticides shield crops from effects of harmful insects, diseases and mold. When produce treated with pesticides is distributed, a film of pesticide residue remains on the food. Simply washing the produce may not remove the pesticides. The USDA reports that the residue on organic produce is much lower than on conventional produce, according to the MayoClinic.com. Choosing conventional produce with thick skins that require removal, such as bananas, may prohibit the ingestion of pesticides.
Nutrition Content
The nutritional content of organic food compared with conventional food is an issue scientists disagree about. Studies have shown that organic produce is not nutritionally superior, and some studies show that organic produce is healthier. In 2007, Newcastle University completed one of the longest studies evaluating the nutrition content of organic foods. They concluded that organic foods' nutritional content is higher than their conventional counterparts. The 4-year study found that fruits, vegetables and milk contain higher levels of antioxidants and nutrients than conventional foods. The researchers reported that the benefit of eating only organic food for one day is comparable to consuming an extra serving of vegetables or fruits.
Environmental Benefits
Organic farming aims to reduce harmful impacts of food production on the environment. Organic growing techniques include crop rotation, which naturally restores soil nutrient content. Nutrient-rich soil produces healthier crops. Organic fertilizers and pesticides are natural and will not pollute the groundwater, unlike chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Cost
Consumers must decide if the benefits of organic foods offset their higher cost. Organic foods are more expensive in the grocery stores because the production and distribution costs are greater. Organic crop yields are small, and the profit margin is smaller compared with large conventional farms. Organic guidelines require handling separate from conventional foods, which increases distribution costs.
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