Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are solid deposits that form inside the kidneys. Kidney stones develop when the urine becomes too concentrated, which allows excess vitamins, minerals and acid salts to crystallize and stick together, according to the Mayo Clinic. Excess intake of certain vitamins can increase the risk of kidney stone formation.
Vitamin D and Kidney Stones
Intake of large doses of vitamin D can cause kidney stones, according to the Mayo Clinic. Vitamin D causes a build-up of calcium in the blood. Excess amounts of calcium in the urine crystallize and form kidney stones. Patients suffering from severe dehydration and kidney disorders are at a higher risk for kidney stones. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is 600 IU. Patients taking vitamin D should also increase water intake to decrease the risk of kidney stone formation.
Vitamin C and Kidney Stones
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that supports normal growth and development. Vitamin C naturally is available in citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables. Vitamin C supplements are available as prescriptions and over the counter for patients who have problems obtaining the vitamin from foods. Ingestion of large amounts of vitamin C supplements may lead to formation of kidney stones, according to the Mayo Clinic. Vitamin C supplements also cause oxalates to be produced, according to GICare.com. Excess oxalates combine with calcium in the intestines to form calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Symptoms of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones may not produce symptoms until they begin to move down the ureters of the kidneys. During this movement, the stones block the flow of urine, which causes swelling and severe pain due to the swelling of the kidneys. They produce pain that is felt in the belly area or side of the back. The pain may also be felt in the groin area. Patients may also experience other symptoms, such as blood in the urine, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, abnormal urine color and vomiting.
Kidney Stones Treatment and Prevention
Patients experiencing pain due to kidney stones are treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and narcotics. The doctor may also prescribe medications to decrease stone formation and substances causing the kidney stones or medications to help break down the stones. Examples of medications prescribed include allopurinil, diuretics, phosphate solutions and sodium bicarbonate. Kidney stones can be prevented by drinking six to eight glasses of water a day.
