A sinus infection occurs when the sinuses and nasal passages become inflamed because of bacteria, fungi, viruses, environmental pollutants or allergies. This inflammation causes mucus to build in the nasal passages and interferes with proper drainage. Common symptoms of a sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, include headaches and pain, pressure, and puffiness around the eyes, nose and cheeks. Home treatment may provide relief for many of these symptoms.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Over-the-counter (OTC) sinus medications come in oral or nasal spray form. Nasal sprays provide faster relief but should not be used for more than 3 days at a time, because they lose their effectiveness, and, upon stopping use, may cause worse congestion.
Antihistamines inhibit development of allergic symptoms by blocking histamine but also dry up the nasal passages. Consequently, antihistamines should be taken only by those whose sinus infections are caused by allergies. Antihistamines may cause drowsiness or interact with other medications, so it is important to read the packaging information and exercise caution.
OTC decongestants usually contain pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine and work by reducing the swelling of the blood vessels lining the nasal passages. These decongestants are known to elevate blood pressure, so individuals with high blood pressure or those who have prostate problems should avoid taking OTC decongestants and consult a physician.
Pain Relievers
Acetaminophen, aspirin or ibuprofen can help to reduce inflammation and lessen sinus pain. Many OTC sinus products already contain pain relievers, so it is important to read the label on medications you are taking to ensure you do not exceed the recommended daily dosage.
Nasal Lavage
A neti pot or small squeeze bottle can be used to irrigate the nasal cavity with a warm saline mixture (1/4 tsp. salt with 8 oz. water), infusing it with moisture and cleaning out irritants and pollutants that aggravate sinusitis symptoms.
Steam Inhalation
Inhaling steam from a vaporizer or hot shower will moisten the sinus cavity. Fragrant steam inhalation, using eucalyptus, menthol or aromatic herbal leaves, may feel especially soothing to the nasal passages.
Fluids
Drinking water and clear liquids can help keep the nasal passages moist, while the warmth of hot tea or soup can promote drainage. Avoid caffeine and alcohol because of their dehydrating effects.
Warm Compresses
Placing a warm damp towel underneath the eyes and across the forehead can alleviate sinus pain and headache. This can be done several times a day as needed.
Humidifier
Warm-mist and cool-mist humidifiers help to keep the air you breathe moist. Clean the humidifier regularly and avoid running it too much; misuse can create a room environment that is too moist where bacteria and mold--allergens that promote sinus problems--can thrive.
Get Plenty of Rest
Resting your body and avoiding stress will strengthen your immune system and help you fight off the underlying infection.
