Painful leg cramps are common, even among elite athletes. More than 79 percent of triathletes and 60 percent of cyclists report having experienced the muscle cramps, the New York Times says. Luckily, the cramps are not typically serious. They can be easily treated and, in some cases, prevented.
What is a Muscle Cramp?
Basically, a muscle cramp occurs when a muscle contracts suddenly and unexpectedly, Penn State University's Hershey Medical Center says. Intense exercise can cause leg cramps because the muscles get overworked during workouts. Injuries to your muscles can also cause them to cramp. All muscles can cramp, but leg muscles -- in particular the quadriceps, hamstrings and a calf muscle called the gastrocnemius -- are among the most likely culprits.
Causes
The simple act of overexerting yourself during a workout can cause painful leg cramps, but other factors also can contribute. For example, dehydration caused by inadequate fluid intake or excessive sweating during exercise can also contribute, MedlinePlus says. People with certain medical conditions, including kidney disease, hypothyroidism and metabolic conditions, also are more prone to leg cramps.
Prevention
You can take steps before and during your workout to prevent painful leg cramps. First, drink water or a sports drink before and at set intervals during your workout so you can remain hydrated, MedlinePlus says. You should also pace yourself while exercising and avoid doing more than your body can handle. If you're starting an exercise routine, increase the intensity of your workouts gradually so you don't overwork your muscles, which can cause cramping. And try stretching before you start exercising to help prevent cramps.
Treatment
When a muscle cramp strikes during your workout, stop what you are doing and stretch them muscle to stop the cramp, Hershey Medical Center says. If the cramp causes a large knot in your leg muscles, try rubbing or massaging it. Once the cramp subsides, the muscle is likely to be sore for a day or two. You can take over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs to relive the discomfort, or try icing the affected area. Immediately following a cramp, a heating pad can help relax the muscle.
