Docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, is an important omega-3 fatty acid found primarily in fatty fish. Fish oil is the most popular non-vitamin supplement sold in the United States. Supplements containing DHA are increasingly popular for children, both as nutritional supplements and as naturopathic medicines. Although there is no conclusive evidence linking DHA to improved health in children, products containing it may offer some benefits.
Nutritional Benefits
DHA is a core component of human nutrition during all stages of life. For proper brain, eye and cardiovascular function, the human body requires some amount of dietary DHA. The human body produces only small amounts of this omega-3 fat, and that DHA deficiency can impair the central nervous system and harm a baby's developing brain. DHA in a child's diet can support her cardiovascular, neurological and ocular health.
Medicinal Uses
Naturopathic and integrative health care providers may recommend DHA as a complementary treatment for common conditions in childhood, particularly those affecting the brain and central nervous system. The NIH acknowledges DHA's use as a treatment for developmental coordination disorders and dyslexia, although evidence of its efficacy is mixed. DHA may relieve symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, but there isn't enough evidence to prove that it works. DHA is also used as a controversial and unproven treatment for autism, pediatric depression and mental retardation.
Sources
Breastmilk is the best source of DHA for infants and toddlers. Many formulas, baby foods, infant cereals and juices are also fortified with this crucial omega-3 fatty acid. For older children, chewable DHA supplements are a viable option when used under a pediatrician's guidance, but many kids are resistant to the flavor of these products. Fortunately, moist, sweet and gelatinous foods such as canned fruit, gelatin snacks and chocolate milk can often mask the strong flavors of fish oil and DHA. Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna are also an excellent natural DHA source.
Side Effects
According to the National Institutes of Health, fish oil supplements usually cause only mild to moderate side effects. Fishy reflux, aftertaste and mild digestive complaints are common. Some children may experience diarrhea, especially after large doses of DHA. For some children, the risks associated with DHA may outweigh the potential benefits. If your child experiences significant discomfort after using DHA, discontinue use of the product and promptly consult her primary health care provider.
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