Dry skin is a very common abnormality that can suddenly appear or be worsened by a variety of factors. Although some individuals are more susceptible to sudden dry skin reactions, the condition can affect anyone, regardless of skin type, age or gender. If you are concerned about your dry skin, contact your doctor.
Identification
For skin to feel soft and pliable with a supple texture, the top layer must contain at least 10 percent water, though more is better. To help maintain your skin's water content, sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance made of a complex mixture of chemicals including fatty acids, sugars and waxes. If environmental or other factors cause excessive evaporation that overwhelms the ability of sebum to prevent water loss, your skin becomes flaky, shriveled and cracked.
Irritants
Dermatitis or eczema can result as adverse reactions to irritants that come in contact with your skin. These include artificial nails, metal jewelery, cosmetics, soap, deodorants, shaving cream, perfume and other substances. Clothing washed in a detergent or containing dyes that may cause sensitivity can cause sudden dry itchy skin. Wool often causes chafing, so cotton may be a better choice of material.
Medication
Sudden patches of dry skin can be a side effect from prescription medications, such as cholesterol-lowering supplements containing niacin. Retinoids, which include the drugs Accutane, for acne, and etretinate, prescribed for psoriasis, can cause patchy dry skin. Diuretics can also produce a dry skin reaction.
Environment
Wind and sun, dry indoor air from forced-air heating or air-conditioners, or chlorine from swimming pools can cause dry skin after a day of exposure. Excessive bathing or showering, especially when using very hot water or scrubbing excessively, will strip moisture from your skin. Health care workers, athletes, food handlers and house cleaners are especially prone to dry hands from this cause.
Medical Conditions
Sudden dry skin patches, if severe or accompanied by other symptoms, may indicate the presence of a medical condition. Conditions that can cause sudden changes in your skin include hypothyroidism, kidney disease, diabetes, myeloma and cancer. A complex case of dry skin may require treatment by a dermatologist.
Home Care
A good-quality moisturizer that is free from perfumes and alcohol can often successfully treat skin that loses moisture. Avoid frequent or long showers and baths using very hot water. Use mild cleansers or mild soaps. If your skin is severely inflamed, an over-the-counter cortisone cream may provide relief. Drink plenty of water to rehydrate your skin. If your home care measures do not relieve your dry skin patches, consult a doctor.
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