Amino acids are needed for all organisms to make proteins. In some cases the ratio of different amino acids can affect the course of viral diseases. Lysine supplements are sometimes used as an alternative treatment for cold sores, which are caused by a virus, though effectiveness of lysine for the treatment of cold sores has not been thoroughly researched.
Cold Sores
Cold sores, which are sometimes called fever blisters, are fluid-filled skin lesions. These lesions can be painful, raised and red and usually occur around the mouth, the Mayo Clinic explains, though they may also occur on the chin and nostrils. Many people who develop cold sores have a feeling of pain or tingling that precedes the blisters. This is called the prodomal stage. Cold sores typically last between 10 and 14 days.
Herpes Simplex 1
Cold sores are typically caused by an infection of herpes simplex 1, though herpes simplex 2 can also cause cold sores. This virus is contracted from contact with someone who has an active herpes lesion. Cold sores are usually spread via kissing, but sharing utensils, towels or razors may also cause the virus to be passed along. Because the human body cannot completely eliminate herpes from the body, once you get cold sores you may develop them again at any point in your life.
Lysine and Herpes
The herpes simplex virus needs a large amount of arginine, an amino acid, to reproduce, the University of Michigan reports. Arginine is similar in structure to another amino acid, lysine. Because of this similarity, lysine can slow down the replication of the herpes simplex virus. Avoiding foods with a high arginine-to-lysine ratio, such as peanuts, chocolate and nuts can help prevent cold sores from recurring. Some people also take lysine supplements to reduce the frequency or intensity of cold sore outbreaks.
Lysine Supplements
Lysine supplements can come in cream, tablet, liquid and capsule form. If you have cold sores, you should take between 3,000 and 9,000 mg of lysine each day, the University of Maryland Medical Center states. Cold sores can also be prevented by taking 1,000 mg of lysine three times per day. There are no reported side effects of lysine supplementation, though you should talk with your doctor before taking lysine, particularly if you have liver or kidney disease.
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