The thyroid is a gland in your neck that produces hormones important for a healthy metabolism, energy levels and moods. If you have hypothyroidism, or under-active thyroid, you might experience lethargy, depression, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Hyperthyroidism, or over-active thyroid, can cause rapid heartbeat, anxiety, insomnia, increased appetite and shakiness. Thyroid diseases are treatable, typically through synthetic thyroid therapy. A healthy diet might enhance thyroid disease treatment, prevent related complications and promote your overall health.
Whole Grains
Whole grains contain all nutritious components of the original grain plant, providing more vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein than refined grains, such as white flour. Unless your doctor has suggested a low-iodine diet, Sara Rosenthal, author of "The Complete Thyroid Book," recommends emphasizing whole grains in your diet for reduced constipation and bloating associated with hypothyroidism. Whole grains are also valuable sources of B-vitamins -- nutrients that play an important role in your energy and metabolism. Examples of nutritious whole grain foods include long-grain brown rice, wild rice, steel-cut or old fashioned oats, pearled barley, whole quinoa, 100 percent whole grain breads and pasta, and air-popped popcorn.
Fatty Fish
Fatty fish, such as albacore tuna, salmon, mackerel, sardines, herring, halibut and flounder, are top dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends that people with thyroid disease consume omega-3 fats regularly for improved immune function and reduced inflammation. Fatty fish also provide heart-healthy alternatives to protein sources high in saturated fat, such as organ meats, processed meats and fried chicken, which might contribute to weight gain, high cholesterol and heart disease. For added benefits, prepare fish using heart-healthy cooking methods, such as baking, broiling, steaming and grilling, in light amounts of olive oil.
Yogurt and Kefir
Yogurt and kefir are cultured dairy products that supply valuable amounts of protein, vital nutrients such as calcium and vitamin D, and healthy bacteria known as probiotics. Probiotics might help thyroid disease patients maintain gastrointestinal health, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, and provide protection from infections caused by harmful bacteria. To reap the benefits of probiotics, consume yogurt and kefir that contain "live active cultures," such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, on a routine basis.
Thyroid-Friendly Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are prime sources of antioxidants, which help your body defend itself from infections and disease, and fiber, which promotes satiation and digestive regularity. Some vegetables, such as broccoli, leafy greens and brussels sprouts, might hinder thyroid function or interfere with thyroid medications. For this reason, the University of Maryland Medical Center recommends increasing your intake of other antioxidant-rich varieties, such as red and green bell peppers, cherries, blueberries and tomatoes. Incorporate a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables into your meals and snacks routinely for the broadest dietary benefits.
References
- "The Complete Thyroid Book"; M. Sara Rosenthal; 2008
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Hypothyroidism
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Hyperthyroidism
