Constipation is defined by the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse as having fewer than three bowel movements per week. Laxatives are a type of over-the-counter medication that can help to relieve occasional constipation. They are available in several forms, and can be administered in various ways.
Bulk-Forming Laxatives
Bulk-forming laxatives work by drawing water into the colon to increase the size and softness of your stool. When the stool increases in size, it triggers normal intestinal contractions that can help move it through the colon and out of the body. When taking bulk-forming laxatives, you should start with small doses and increase your intake gradually. It is also important to increase your water intake when taking bulk-forming laxatives. These laxatives are considered the safest.
Stool Softeners
Stool softeners work by adding moisture into the stool. They help to soften the stool so that you do not have to strain to have a bowel movement. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse notes that this type of laxative has a high potential to cause an electrolyte imbalance.
Stimulant Laxatives
Stimulant laxatives trigger the intestinal muscles to contract and squeeze to physically push the stools out of the body. Stimulant laxatives are available in oral or rectal form. Stimulant laxatives should not be used for more than a few days, since they are the harshest type of laxatives.
Lubricant Laxatives
Lubricant laxatives work by coating the stool with a slippery layer of fluid. The fluid holds in liquid and makes the stool easier to pass. These type of laxatives are usually placed inside the rectum.
Combination Laxatives
Some laxatives contain a combination of laxative types, such as a stimulant and a stool softener. MayoClinic.com notes that combination laxatives are not generally more effective than single-type laxatives, and have an increased potential for causing side effects.
Considerations
Laxatives should only be used as a temporary solution for constipation. If you use laxatives for an extended period, they reduce the ability of your colon muscles to contract and relax naturally. This can worsen constipation. Excessive laxative use or abuse can also disrupt electrolyte balance and lead to abnormal heart rhythms. Laxatives can also be dangerous if the cause of constipation is a serious underlying medical condition, such as a bowel obstruction. Even though laxatives are available over-the-counter, you should always speak with your doctor before using laxatives.
