Probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer a health benefit on the host when given in adequate amounts, according to the World Health Organization. These beneficial bacteria come from a few main families, and each family has thousands of species. The bacteria are found naturally in the human intestine, and often in the mouth and vagina too, and can survive the journey through the gastrointestinal tract when taken as a supplement. They are also found in foods, including yogurt and fermented products.
Lactobacillus Acidophilus
The species Lactobacillus acidophilus is possibly the most recognizable probiotic strain. A lactic acid producing bacteria, it is generally considered to be beneficial due to its production of lactase, vitamin K and anti-microbial substances. Research has shown that L. acidophilus treats bacterial vaginosis, and there is some evidence suggesting other health benefits, including treatment for diarrhea, high cholesterol, irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance and yeast infections.
Lactobacillus Salivarius
L. salivarius is another bacterial resident of the Lactobacillus family. It provides the human body with increased energy stores due to its ability to digest foods and make vital nutrients more readily available for use in other parts of the body. It also helps maintain gut health by eating away decayed material and repairing and protecting the lining.
Bifidobacterium Bifidus
This species, of human origin, is one of the most common ones in the Bifidobacterium family. Another lactic acid producing bacteria, it also produces acetic acid and is found in great numbers in the intestines of babies. As people age, however, the amount of Bifidobacterium in the gastrointestinal tract decreases. This probiotic plays a role in the fermentation of galactooligosaccharides, the non-digestible carbohydrate component of human milk. It may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
Bifidobacterium Longum
B. longum is noted for its ability to potentially protect against the formation of tumors. Research has also shown that this probiotic can produce important B vitamins that may prevent hardening of the arterires, mental decline, low energy levels and upper respiratory problems.
Saccharomyces Boulardii
The Saccharomyces family is actually yeast, and within this family, S boulardii is the most common probiotic yeast. It is implicated in the prevention of antibiotic-associated, HIV-related and traveler's diarrhea, H. pylori symptoms, C. difficile infections, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome.
Streptococcus Thermophilus
S. thermophilus is a species within the Streptococcus family that produces lactose, an enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose, which may serve as a lactose intolerance remedy. It also produces antibiotic-like substances, aiding the body in its fight against disease agents. Studies have shown that it may also help suppress tumor growth and development.
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