Leg cramping is most common amongst athletes who perform endurance sports such as marathon runners and triathletes. Athletes tend to cramp four to six hours after an intense workout, suffering mild to excruciating pain. Cramping can be uncomfortable; however, most cramps are relatively easy to prevent and treat.
Definition
Cramping is the involuntary contraction of two or more muscle. Muscles that extend the length of two joints are most likely to cramp. Cramps may occur all throughout the body, but most typically occur in the hamstring, quadricep and gastrocnemius muscles of the legs. Cramping can last for several minutes and typically occurs at night. Athletes often face cramps during the pre-season when their muscles have not yet been properly conditioned and prepared for strenuous exercise.
Cause
According to MayoClinic.com cramping is often caused by inadequate blood supply, nerve compression and the depletion of minerals like calcium, potassium and magnesium. Dehydration and straining or overusing a muscle also promotes cramping. Exercising in a hot environment or extremely hot weather further increases an athlete's chances of suffering from cramps.
Treatment
Gentle massage, stretching and applying hot or cold packs to the affected area can help relax muscles and thus relieve pain. Taking a vitamin B complex may also help relieve cramping. In most cases, cramping does not require medical attention; however, if your cramps persist for longer than normal, happen frequently or cause severe pain and discomfort, consult your physician for treatment, as this may be the result of a more serious condition.
Prevention
Always stretch before and after performing any physical activity. Drink plenty of water before and after your workout, and make sure that you have water available during your workout, especially if practicing in hot weather. A healthy and balanced diet, rich in minerals like calcium, potassium and magnesium, also helps to prevent painful cramping.
