Omega 3 & Mood

With approximately 20 percent of the population at risk for developing mood problems such as depression and bipolar disorder, finding effective prevention and treatments is a priority. In researching the links between nutrition and mood, both the fields of psychology and nutritional science have speculated about the effects of omega-3 on mood for decades. From this speculation two theories have emerged. One focuses on the proven anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3and the other is based on the role omega-3 plays in the brain.

Immune System Inflammation Theory

The anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 has been established and omega-3 is proven beneficial in treating cardiovascular disease. Since mood problems frequently exist along with inflammation of the immune system, the theory developed that inflammation is the underlying cause of mood problems. This theory holds that a lack omega-3 creates inflammation of the immune system that causes reduced production of two chemicals in the brain, serotonin and dopamine, which have a direct influence on mood. This theory holds that consuming more omega-3 will reduce inflammation in the immune system just as it does in cardiovascular disease. With a return to normal functioning, an over active immune system no longer interferes with serotonin and dopamine production and a balanced mood is restored.

Omega-3 Deficit Theory

Omega-3 fatty acids consist primarily of eicosapentaenoic acid, called EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, called DHA. Both EPA and DHA are found in high concentrations in the brain and play a central role in neurotransmission. Since the brain relies on omega-3 for normal functioning, the relationship between mood and omega-3 might be more direct than the immune system theory suggests. The "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" reports omega-3 deficiency in the brain interferes with the movement of serotonin and dopamine. According to this theory, increased omega-3 consumption provides the brain with an essential nutrient and restores normal functioning. If this theory is accurate, omega-3 consumption is both a method of preventing and treating mood problems.

Omega-3 Improves Mood

Regardless of which theory is accurate, clinical trials reported by both the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" and the "American Journal of Food and Nutrition" show that increased intake of omega-3 improves mood. The method by which this is achieved, through restoring deficits in the brain or by reducing inflammation, is still being researched. The "American Journal of Psychiatry" supports the omega-3 deficit theory and concluded "omega-3 fatty acids may provide a therapeutic strategy."

More Information Is Needed

Despite the speculation and clinical trials, the relationship between omega-3 and mood remains unclear. In its review of over 70 clinical trials the "American Journal of Food and Nutrition" concludes that although findings suggest that omega-3 is "potentially beneficial in enhancing mood and reducing the symptoms of mood disorders" a solid conclusion cannot be reached without further research.