Heart disease is a health risk if certain cholesterol levels remain elevated. Cholesterol levels are determined by a blood test. These levels are based on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. Some cholesterol is needed to produce hormones and vitamin D, but too much will result in plaque buildup in the blood vessels.
Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is also called the "bad" cholesterol. Optimal levels of LDL are below 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), according to the University of Michigan. This amount allows LDL to function normally in the body. When levels go above 100 mg/dL, excess cholesterol is deposited as plaque on vessel walls. If this builds up, blood vessels will become clogged. Also, plaque pieces can break off and travel to the heart or brain. This can cause a heart attack or stroke.
Elevated Triglycerides
Triglycerides are another fat component to cholesterol levels. They are important to monitor for heart health. Triglycerides are used as energy by the body and stored in fat cells. They are obtained by the foods you eat, particularly carbohydrates. Normal levels are less than 150 mg/dL. If you eat more calories than you burn, you may have high triglycerides. Excess triglycerides will circulate in the blood as fat, increasing the risk for heart disease and diabetes.
High-density Lipoprotein
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the component of cholesterol you want at higher levels. It is also called the "good" cholesterol. This is because HDL helps remove the excess bad cholesterol and and triglycerides from the blood stream, according to the Better Health Channel. Levels should be above 60 mg/dL for these protective qualities. This will help prevent plaque buildup in the veins and arteries.
Monitoring Your Cholesterol
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has informative guidelines for cholesterol screening. Men should be tested starting at age 35. If men are already at an increased risk for heart disease, screening should begin earlier. Women should be screened by age 45 or earlier, if they are at risk. In addition, losing weight by eating a balanced diet and exercising will help cholesterol levels.
