GERD is a condition in which backward flow of the stomach contents enters the esophagus due to a weakening or abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscle that normally stops reflux. Medications, such as antacids, are generally prescribed for the heartburn, chest pain and acid reflux that occur with GERD, but nutritional management can go a long way in alleviating these symptoms. There are three major goals to a GERD diet: prevent esophageal reflux; decrease acidity of gastric secretions; and prevent pain and irritation.
Food Triggers
A GERD diet should consist of foods that are unlikely to trigger symptoms. Limit or restrict fatty or fried foods, as these tend to reduce sphincter pressure and delay stomach emptying, thereby increasing the risk of reflux. Alcohol can also trigger esophageal reflux. Coffee and fermented alcoholic beverages make the gastric secretions more acidic, while spices and acid pH foods, like citrus juices, tomatoes and soft drinks may cause more pain. Chocolate, mint, garlic and onions may also make heartburn worse.
Safe Foods
There are some foods that are good options for GERD sufferers as they lessen the likelihood of reflux and irritation. Non-acid fruits like bananas and apples and various vegetables, such as carrots, beans, baked potatoes, cabbage and broccoli, are all safe GERD-diet foods. Fish is a great protein option. Stick to the lower-fat meat and dairy products, including lean meats and low-fat cheeses. Water is the best option for a beverage.
Other Modifications
Managing GERD requires other dietary and behavioral modifications. Avoid large meals, which can push on the stomach and cause reflux. Also avoid eating within three hours of bedtime and lying down after meals. Stop smoking as cigarette smoking may decrease the sphincter's ability to function properly. Also, avoid tight-fitting garments that may press on the stomach and sphincter. Lastly, excess weight may promote reflux by putting pressure on the abdominal area, so maintaining a healthy weight is crucial.
Herbal Remedies
While they are not proven to treat GERD, some herbal remedies, such as licorice, slippery elm, chamomile and marshmallow may provide relief. These herbs may have serious side effects, so talk to your doctor before taking any herbal remedies.
References
- "Krause's Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy"; L. Mahan and Sylvia Escott-Stump; 2004.
- Mayo Clinic.com: GERD
- Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Diet
- University of Illinois McKinley Health Center: The GERD Diet
