There are numerous substances added to food to preserve it for periods of time, enhance its color, alter its flavor or change its texture. A database of thousands of approved additives is kept by the US Food and Drug Administration. It is important to note that just because an additive has been approved by the FDA, doesn't mean you'll want to consume it when given a choice.
Trans Fatty Acids
Trans fatty acids are fats created from liquid oil. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, adding hydrogen to vegetable oil in liquid form and then pressurizing it results in a much stiffer fat. Trans fats may lead to an increased risk of developing heart disease by raising your levels of bad cholesterol, while taking away from your good cholesterol. You are most likely to find trans fats in fast food, microwave popcorn, crackers, cakes pies and cookies.
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium nitrate is a preservative. According to MayoClinic.com, sodium nitrate is most commonly found in processed meats such as lunch meat, jerky and bacon. Its purpose is to extend the shelf life of meat and prevent bacteria from growing. Consumption of sodium nitrate increases your risk of heart disease by raising the likelihood that your arteries will narrow or harden, damaging your blood vessels.
Olestra
Olestra is a synthetic fat used in place of standard fats in the production of foods, such as potato chips and crackers. According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest, your body is not able to absorb olestra, so it may lead to side effects such as flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and loose stools. Olestra also inhibits the normal abilities of your body to absorb important fat-soluble nutrients such as beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene. When searching labels for this additive, it may also be listed under the name Olean.
Considerations
The best way to avoid food that contains harmful additives is to shop around the outer portions of the grocery store, buying as little from the center aisles as possible. The outer portions of the store contain things such as fresh produce that has not been processed. Also be sure to read the labels on everything you purchase and buy items that have whole ingredients listed first on the labels. One basic rule that many people follow is if they are not able to pronounce the ingredient, they don't eat it.
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