A renal diet is one that is followed in order to ease the burden of work for the kidneys. Kidneys act as a filter for the liquids and nutrients consumed in the diet. If kidneys are unable to work effectively, certain nutrients may build up and contribute to more serious problems. Limiting the intake of certain nutrients lightens the load of the kidneys until they regain their function. A renal diet has several core components, but it might need to be adjusted by a dietitian or physician to fit the specific needs of the individual.
Potassium and Phosphorous
Potassium and phosphorous are two minerals that can be dangerous if not filtered appropriately and levels elevate to unhealthy ranges. Potassium foods may need to be restricted depending on the how well the kidneys are putting out urine. RD411.com explains that potassium is not limited unless urine output begins to decrease. In that case, sources of potassium include bananas, oranges, prunes, milk, tomatoes, tomato juice, nuts, chocolate and dried peas and beans. If kidneys begin to spill phophorous into the urine, this means there is a chance phosphorous could also get into the blood. This is when it is time to limit phophorous. Foods high in phosphorous include beans, peas, nuts, chocolate, yogurt and colas. If limiting phosphorous-containing foods doesn't help, then a physician may prescribe a phosphorous binder, which will bind to phosphorous before being absorbed for excretion in the stool.
Sodium
Sodium is another critical mineral that must be monitored in people whose kidneys aren't working well. This is due to sodium contributing to a higher blood pressure. High blood pressure over time can cause the kidneys to fail. Foods high in sodium include bacon, ham, pepperoni, sausage, pickles, pizza, canned vegetables and soups, along with boxed and prepackaged foods. If blood pressure is not able to be controlled with diet, then blood pressure medication is typically prescribed.
Protein
As their function declines, kidneys lose the ability to break down protein, resulting in build up of protein by products in the blood, which can be toxic. If the kidneys reach a chronic stage of kidney disease, protein intake becomes restricted to approximately 0.6 g/kg of body weight, but may vary based on individualized needs, according to RD411.com. Limiting protein in the diet means reducing intake of meat, chicken, fish and eggs, since these are the highest in protein. Low-protein foods include beans, grains and vegetables.
Fluids
Since the kidneys regulate and filter fluids, it's important to limit fluids appropriately, as recommended by a physician. The Medical College of Wisconsin explains that if too much fluid is consumed and the kidneys are unable to handle the fluid, excess fluid can build up and contribute to high blood pressure, swelling and shortness of breath. Examples of fluids include coffee, teas, water, soups, ice cream, popsicles, milk, beer and wine.
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