MayoClinic.com stresses the importance of prenatal vitamins for all pregnant women and those planning to conceive. A few types of prenatal vitamins have started to include omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for your baby's brain development. However, some women may need to add a separate omega-3 supplement. Talk to your doctor to determine which prenatal vitamin is right for you.
Infant Benefits
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. EPA is important for cardiac function, immune system actions and inflammatory response. DHA supports development and function of the brain, the eyes and the central nervous system. After birth, infants need to receive omega-3 fatty acids through breastmilk or infant formula to support ongoing brain development.
Adult Health Benefits
In adults, consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is linked to lower incidence of heart disease, improved cognitive function, reduced cholesterol levels and the regulation of inflammation. In pregnant women, EPA and DHA intake reduces the risk of preterm birth, lowers the risk of pre-eclampsia and may increase birth weight. Adequate levels of omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent postpartum depression.
Mercury
Omega-3 supplements are made from fish oil. Pregnant women are advised to limit their consumption of certain types of fish to reduce their exposure to mercury and other toxins. These accumulate at high levels in large, predatory fish. Fish oil supplements are subject to strict manufacturing and purification standards. The label should contain information about third-party laboratory testing to determine the purity of the oil. The amount of mercury and other contaminants should be listed in parts per trillion.
Other Considerations
While omega-3 supplements are safe for most individuals, some people do experience unpleasant side effects. Gastrointestinal upset is the most common complaint, including nausea, diarrhea, increased burping, acid reflux, bloating and abdominal pain. A fishy aftertaste is bothersome to some individuals. MayoClinic.com advises taking the pills with a meal and increasing the dose gradually until your body adjusts. Talk to your doctor if you experience severe side effects.
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