Traumatic brain injury is brain damage resulting from the head being subjected to forceful sudden impact or a foreign object forced into the skull. Traumatic brain injury can be mild, moderate or severe. Symptoms and treatments vary depending on the type of injury, age, and current health status. Fifty per cent of severe brain injured individuals require surgery. Mild to moderate brain injuries require a CT scan to confirm the absence of bone fracture to the neck and skull. Concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury.
Nutrition and Hydration is a Priority the First 72 Hours
The 1999 guide for residents of Memorial Hermann Hospital published in The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine outlined the importance of immediate scheduling of nutrition in brain injured patients. Nutritional intervention must be started 48 to 72 hours after injury to reduce the risk of complications, increase recovery time and support the body during a time when the metabolism is altered and requires more calories.
Nutritional Needs
Traumatic brain injury patients may experience nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, impaired taste and smell. Meals should be small, easy to digest and offered every three to four hours to ensure the increased nutritional needs of the first four days after injury are being met. High protein food such as eggs and oatmeal are high in nutrients and easily digested. Offer strong flavored foods such as mango and bananas to encourage appetite.
Hydration Needs
Traumatic brain injury patients who experience repeated vomiting are a high risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Water and electrolyte replacement beverages should be given and the amount documented to ensure the individual is well hydrated. Liquid nutrition is an important factor in recovery. The body has increased needs which can be met by providing beverages such as yogurt drinks, almond and soya milk. High nutrient meal replacement beverages should be considered to supplement diet.
Nutrients for Brain Injury Recovery
Research evaluated by the Brain Institute of UCLA published findings October 31, 2008 listing foods that support brain function and may provide the most benefit for brain injury recovery. Omega 3 essential fatty acids are specific to brain development. Supplements can be taken in capsule form or added to food. Blueberries provide anti-oxidant protection and may reduce tissue damage caused by brain injury. Tumeric spice is anti-inflammatory and may reduce inflammation associated with injury. Incorporating foods that have been shown to support brain function may reduce complications associated with traumatic brain injury.
