Polio was responsible for large epidemics in the U.S. during the 1940s and 1950s. The disease is caused by the poliovirus, which attacks nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain stem that control muscle movement. Although the disease largely disappeared after a vaccine was developed, people who contracted polio sometimes experience new muscle weakness later in life. This condition is called post-polio syndrome, or PPS. Managing your level of activity and eating a healthy, high-protein diet may help minimize symptoms of PPS and maximize the strength of your muscles. Consult your doctor or a dietitian to develop a diet appropriate for your situation.
Causes and Symptoms
Although the exact cause of PPS is not well understood, nerves damaged by the poliovirus many years ago may degenerate later in life, leading to loss of function by muscles that depend on those nerves. In addition, some healthy nerves may lose some function because they have carried a heavier metabolic burden for many years to compensate for loss of other nerves. Symptoms of PPS include low energy, loss of strength in previously unaffected muscles or new problems with breathing or swallowing.
Blood Sugar
Developing a diet that is rich in good nutrients may help you maintain your energy at the highest possible level and minimize muscle weakness. Dr. Susan Creange, a clinical researcher at The Post Polio Institute, reported that polio survivors with normal blood sugar levels actually function as if their blood sugar were very low. This suggests that polio survivors need a steady and somewhat higher level of blood sugar than the general population, possibly because their nerve cells require extra energy.
Dietary Protein
The best diet for PPS patients is one that is rich in protein, according to Dr. Richard Bruno, author of The Post Polio Institute Protein Power Diet. Protein in your diet is converted into glucose at a slow and steady rate, producing blood sugar levels that stay moderately high for a long time. The recommended diet for PPS starts with a breakfast high in protein. Choose fish such as salmon or tuna, yogurt, eggs or egg substitutes, cheese or tofu. Plan protein-rich snacks during the day, consuming low-carbohydrate protein bars or other choices high in protein. Lunch and dinner should also include protein as a major component.
Fats and Carbohydrates
Add only a moderate a amount of foods high in fat or carbohydrate to your diet. Include healthy fats such as polyunsaturated oils, which include olive, canola and peanut oil, and avoid saturated and trans fats. Check labels of processed foods to determine if they contain these unhealthy fats. Choose low-fat dairy products over full-fat versions, and eat fish or skinless poultry several times each week instead of marbled meats such as steak or hamburger. Eat lots of healthy, high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods, and avoid foods containing processed white flour, such as baked goods and white bread, rice or pasta.
