Hypokalemia or a low potassium level is defined as having a blood potassium level below normal. Normal blood potassium levels fall between 3.6 to 4.8 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Hypokalemia can be caused by medications such as certain antibiotics and diuretics, diarrhea, diseases that affect the kidneys such as Cushing syndrome, eating disorders, diet, excessive sweating, and vomiting. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, if hypokalemia is left untreated, it can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, kidney damage and, in severe cases, paralysis. Symptoms of hypokalemia can include fatigue, malaise, muscle cramps, constipation, stomach problems, and an irregular heartbeat.
Step 1
Notify a physician if severe vomiting, diarrhea or excessive sweating are a concern or if you're on prescribed diuretics and are having other symptoms of hypokalemia. A physician can order blood work to determine a diagnosis and help pinpoint a possible cause of hypokalemia.
Step 2
Take oral potassium supplements under a physician's supervision and guidance. A physician may prescribe potassium supplements by mouth in mild cases of hypokalemia. In more severe cases of hypokalemia, potassium supplementation may be prescribed intravenously.
Step 3
Switch diuretic medications if taking diuretics. To correct hypokalemia, a physician may need to switch a diuretic medication to a potassium-sparing diuretic, such as spironolactone, that helps retain potassium in the body.
Step 4
Lower thyroid hormone levels in the blood if there is too much thyroid hormone present. A physician may prescribe treatment aimed at lowering thyroid hormone levels, which should, in turn, help correct hypokalemia.
Step 5
Increase sources of potassium in the diet. Good sources of potassium in the diet include bananas; citrus fruits and juices, such as orange juice, oranges, grapefruits and nectarines; avocados; melons; plums; prunes; tomatoes; potatoes, both white and sweet; chocolate; kidney beans; spinach; dried fruits and nuts. Discuss with a physician before increasing potassium in the diet and seek guidance from a registered dietitian.
Things You'll Need
- Fruits
- Orange juice
- Lab work
- Vegetables
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