Long-term memory may last anywhere from a few days to as long as decades. It is divided into two major types, procedural memory and declarative memory. Procedural memory deals with body movements and use of objects. Declarative memory is subdivided into episodic memory, referring to specific events in time, and semantic memory, which deals with knowledge of the external world. Long-term memory is stored in the neocortex of the brain.
Loss of Long-Term Memory
Loss of long-term memory may be associated with a number of causes. A traumatic injury to the brain may cause permanent long-term memory. Excessive use of substances such as drugs or alcohol are often related to loss of long-term memory. Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia and other degenerative neurological diseases also result in memory loss. Other common and less drastic causes include stress and the natural aging process. Several vitamins have been identified as being useful in helping to improve long-term memory. Recommended daily amounts of these vitamins vary. Please consult your health professional.
B Vitamins
The B vitamin group, which includes B-6, B-12, and B-9 improves memory by breaking own an amino acid which is toxic to nerve cells, homocysteine. The B vitamins are available in supplements, as well as a variety of foods. Fish, meat, and poultry contain both B-6 and B-12. Potatoes, soy products, an legumes also contain B-6. B-12 may also be found in dairy products, eggs, and fortified cereals. Green vegetables such as spinach, okra, and asparagus, as well as orange juice and tomato juice, contain B-9.
Vitamins A, E, and Beta Carotene
Antioxidants including Vitamin A, beta carotene, and vitamin E protect the brain by breaking down toxic forms of oxygen molecules in the bloodstream known as free radicals. These free radicals can damage the functioning of the neurons in the brain. Vitamin A and beta carotene are found in vegetables such as sweet potatoes, carrots, squash, and pumpkins. A wide variety of foods contain vitamin E including leafy green vegetables, whole grains, nuts, along with margarines, vegetable oils and salad dressings.
Vitamin C
Another antioxidant which helps break down free radicals is vitamin C. Vitamin C also helps rebuild cells and connective tissues, including the neurotransmitters in the brain, as well as being important to a healthy immune system. This vitamin is found in many foods, such as the green vegetables brussels sprouts, broccoli, bell peppers, and spinach. Strawberries, tomatoes, citrus fruits and fruit juices also contain vitamin C.
