Cholesterol contributes to the formation of cell membranes and acts as a precursor to estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D and bile acids. Because of this, it is important for your blood to contain some cholesterol. If cholesterol levels get too high, however, this promotes the formation of plaque on the arterial walls and may lead to blood clots, which can increase your risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke. As such, to reduce your risk of developing these health problems, you should keep your cholesterol levels within healthy ranges.
Types of Lipoprotein
Cholesterol travels through your body in transportation mechanisms called lipoproteins. Lipoproteins contain cholesterol and other lipids on the inside and proteins and phospholipids on the outside. Lipoproteins are classified based on their cholesterol and protein ratio. Low-density lipoproteins contain a high percentage of cholesterol and a low percentage of protein. High-density lipoproteins contain mostly protein and a small percentage of cholesterol. LDL, also referred to as bad cholesterol, contributes to heart disease, and because of this, your LDL levels should be low. HDL, often called good cholesterol, removes excess cholesterol from the arteries and carries it back to the liver for removal. The higher your HDL levels, the better.
LDL Cholesterol
The ideal LDL cholesterol level for healthy adults is less than 100 mg/dL, although levels between 100 and 129 mg/dL are considered almost ideal. LDL cholesterol between 130 and 159 mg/dL is categorized as borderline high. When levels reach 160 to 189 mg/dL, they are classified as high and levels of 190 mg/dL or higher are considered very high. It is important to note that if you have existing heart disease, you should aim for LDL cholesterol levels under 70 mg/dL.
HDL Cholesterol
Higher HDL cholesterol levels are considered ideal. Your HDL cholesterol level should be 60 mg/dL or higher. If you are male, HDL levels of 40 mg/dL or lower are considered too low. HDL levels of 50 mg/dL or lower are considered too low for women.
Total Cholesterol
Your total cholesterol level represents a combination of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and other lipids that circulate throughout your bloodstream. A desirable total cholesterol level is less than 200 mg/dL. If your total cholesterol falls between 200 and 239 mg/dL, it is classified as borderline high. Total cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dL or above are high risk and put you at a significant risk of developing heart disease.
