Acid reflux is an abbreviated term for gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. One of the primary symptoms of GERD is a sensation of burning in the chest near the breast bone. Because of its proximity to the heart, this is commonly referred to as heartburn.
Cause
The presence of reflux indicates a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter resulting from a general lack of sphincter tone.
Contributing Factors
Weight gain, and the consumption of carbonated beverages, alcohol, caffeine and tobacco all contribute to reflux symptoms. Medications that compromise the function of the lower esophageal sphincter include tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, anticholenergics and calcium channel blockers.
Symptoms
The chief symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, although occasional heartburn is not necessarily an indication of reflux disease. Stomach contents may or may not regurgitate into the mouth. People may also experience coughing, wheezing or hoarseness.
Complications
Uncontrolled acid reflux can result in esophagitis, peptic esophageal ulcer, strictures, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer.
Diagnosis
A detailed patient history is usually sufficient for diagnosis. Endoscopy is reserved for those with long-term symptoms and for those not responding to treatment. For those with normal endoscopy and no relief with treatment, 24 hour pH testing is recommended.
Treatment
Medical treatment includes the use of proton pump inhibitors, along with avoidance of foods or drugs that trigger symptoms. Doctors also recommend elevating the head of the bed during sleep.
