Propylthiouracil (PTU) is an antithyroid medication that treats hyperthyroidism. It blocks production of thyroid hormone in patients with an overactive thyroid. PTU has been used since 1950 and is relatively safe, but there are some potential side effects that can be dangerous.
Liver Failure with PTU
Liver problems occurred in 32 patients taking PTU for hyperthyroidism, according to the FDA. PTU can raise levels of liver enzymes leading to liver failure. Patients taking PTU should have their liver function tests monitored periodically to ensure normal levels. If these tests elevate, PTU should be discontinued. Patients may experience abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness, decreased appetite, yellow skin or eyes, and easy bruising. Anyone on PTU having these symptoms should call a doctor immediately.
Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis is a decrease in blood counts. This can be a serious side effect of PTU, but fortunately, is very rare. A patient could have a sudden decrease in white blood cells, leaving him unable to fight off infection. Hyperthyroid patients on PTU should call a doctor if he has a fever, sore throat or chills.
Skin Reactions with PTU
Some patients will notice a rash or hives with PTU. In many cases, this means the patient will need an alternate treatment for hyperthyroidism.
Gastrointestinal Problems with PTU
Patients may experience nausea, vomiting or upset stomach when starting PTU. Taking the medication with food can be helpful. This usually improves after one to two weeks on the medication.
Some people may also notice a metallic taste or change in the way their food tastes. This is not a dangerous side effect but may be irritating.
Other Side Effects of PTU
Patients may also notice headaches, joint pain and muscle pain when first starting PTU. These side effects usually improve within one to two weeks after starting the medication. If symptoms persist after two weeks, contact a doctor.
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