Alendronate (Fosamax) is a type of medication called a bisphosphonate that is used for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. It is similar to medications like risedronate (Actonel) and ibandronate (Boniva), which help osteoporosis patients decrease their risk of fracture. Most patients do well with these medications; however, there are some serious adverse effects of which all patients should be aware.
GI Side Effects from Alendronate
Alendronate has the potential to cause serious gastrointestinal side effects such as inflammation and ulcers in the esophagus. Contact your health care provider if you notice difficulty swallowing, sore throat or heartburn.
Patients may also have problems with abdominal pain, upset stomach, nausea and gas.
Taking alendronate appropriately can help to prevent these types of problems. Patients should take alendronate first thing in the morning before eating, drinking or taking other medications. Alendronate should be taken with a full 8-ounce glass of water. Patients need to remain upright and not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
Jaw Bone Loss Due to Bisphosphonates
Osteonecrosis, or bone loss, in the jaw has been reported in bisphosphonates used intravenously in cancer patients. There have been few cases in patients who are taking oral medications like alendronate. This type of bone loss happens with dental implants or tooth extractions. To help prevent jaw problems with alendronate, patients are recommended to have a full dental exam prior to starting the medication. Any extensive dental work that needs to be done can take place before alendronate is initiated. A patient who has had a tooth pulled or other invasive dental work while on alendronate should report any jaw pain or mouth sores to a doctor or dentist.
Other Side Effects
Some patients on alendronate report muscle and joint pains while taking the medication. Headache was also noted by patients.
Patients with Low Blood Calcium
Patients with low levels of calcium in the blood should not take alendronate because it may lower the calcium level further. Anyone on alendronate who notices muscle cramps or numbness and tingling around the mouth or fingers should contact a doctor for a calcium blood test.
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