The sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the body, originates in the lower back and travels through the buttocks and down the back of both legs. When compressed, it can lead to a painful sensation that radiates down the leg -- a condition known as sciatica. There are several simple stretch tests that can indicate whether or not the sciatic nerve is possibly the source of your problem.
Straight Leg Test
The Straight Leg Test, also known as the SLR, should be done by a qualified professional. If that is not possible, you can do it with the help of an assistant. Begin by lying flat on your back on a table or on a the floor with your legs straight out in front of you . Have your assistant lift one of your legs by supporting the heel with one hand and the other hand bracing the top of knee. If you experience pain at some point, have your assistant gently stretch the foot towards your head. If there is pain, then that generally indicates sciatic nerve involvement. According to the University of West Alabama Sports Medicine website, if there is no pain when the foot if flexed, it probably means the hamstrings are tight and the sciatic nerve is not involved.
Piriformis Stretch Test
The piriformis is a muscle in the buttocks area. It is a common cause of sciatic pain, as it can easily pinch the nerve if it is too tight. This test can be done without any assistance.
Begin the test by lying face-up on the floor and keeping your back flat. Bend your right hip to a 90-degree angle. Place your left hand on the right knee and bring the right knee towards the left hip. You should feel a stretch at the top area of the right buttocks; if you don't feel it, adjust the movement until you do. Repeat this movement on the left side, if necessary. If you feel relief from pain when performing this test, it most likely means that the piriformis muscle is compressing the sciatic nerve.
Bowstring Test
This test also requires an assistant. Begin by lying flat on on your back on a table or the floor. Bend your knee 90 degrees and place your leg on your assistant's shoulder. Press, or have your assistant press, the area behind the knee. If there is a tingling or burning feeling in the hips or buttocks, the sciatic nerve could be involved. Repeat for the other leg, if necessary.
Considerations
According to MayoClinic.com, sciatica is a symptom of another problem, such as spinal compression or a slipped disc in the vertebrae. It's important to follow up with a qualified physician to determine the cause of any pain. These tests are helpful, but are not meant to replace a detailed, professional diagnosis.
