Poor circulation or venous insufficiency typically represents an inherited condition that often manifests as varicose veins or deep-vein thrombosis. For runners training well above sea level, poor circulation may correspond to a higher risk for health problems such as frostbite or, in extreme cases, pulmonary embolism. Speak to your doctor or health-care provider about extra precautions to follow to maintain adequate circulation if you run at high altitudes.
Physiological Response
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, runners training at altitudes higher than 5,000 feet above sea level experience significant physiological effects that will have an impact on performance. Some physiological responses to expect at these altitudes include decreases in available oxygen and resultant oxidative stress, which affects the proteins in muscle and can cause extreme fatigue and cramping. Runners with pre-existing circulation problems may experience more fatigue, since their capacity to take in oxygen is already impaired.
Frostbite
If you have poor circulation and run at high altitudes you may be more prone to frostbite. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, runners who have peripheral vascular disease carry a particularly high risk of frostbite at high altitudes since blood flow to their extremities is already limited.
Pulmonary Embolism
Runners with circulation issues such as deep-vein thrombosis may also be at risk for pulmonary embolism at high altitudes. Pulmonary embolism refers to a blood clot that often originates in the legs of those with deep vein thrombosis and travels to a lung, where it blocks one or more arteries, according to MayoClinic.com. Pulmonary embolism is a serious medical complication that requires immediate emergency medical attention.
Treatment
Running itself will likely help alleviate some of the symptoms associated with poor circulation since exercise and weight loss tend to have a therapeutic effect on varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. According to Dr. Joshua Beckman of the Harvard Medical School, runners with poor circulation will also benefit from leg elevation. Elevate the legs above the level of the heart while lying back on a couch or bed, or elevate the foot of your bed.
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