Omega-3 fatty acids are markedly deficient in the modern diet compared to omega-6 fatty acids. Essential omega fatty acids are used in the synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals by the body. A diet deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and overabundant in omega-6 fatty acids may promote inflammation and worsen asthma symptoms.
Asthma
Asthma is characterized by inappropriate inflammation of the airway, causing shortness of breath, wheezing, tightness of the chest and coughing. Inflammation causes swelling and constriction of the airway, limiting the passage of air. The severity of asthma varies over time, with many people experiencing periods of frequent attacks and periods of respite. Treatment focuses on medication to prevent attacks and medication to maintain the airway during attacks.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are a class of polyunsaturated fatty acids that the body is unable to manufacture itself. Omega-3 fatty acids are used as raw materials in the synthesis of signaling molecules, including eicosanoids that regulate the balance of inflammation in the body. Omega fatty acids also are major components of cellular membranes, especially in the brain and heart. Imbalance in the intake of omega-3 fatty acids can bias the body toward chronic inflammation, disrupt normal electrical signals in the brain and heart, and decrease the elasticity of blood vessels.
Omega-3 and Asthma
Inappropriate inflammation may underlie the origin of many diseases, including asthma. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids has been investigated as a complementary treatment for many of these. The reduction of symptoms with omega-3 supplementation has been inconsistent, but a low level of omega-3 fatty acids has consistently been found in those with inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Adding more omega-3 fatty acids to your diet will not necessarily improve your symptoms, but a diet deficient in omega-3 fatty acids is likely to worsen them.
Adding Omega-3 to Your Diet
Omega-3 fatty acids are found in cold-water fish including salmon, mackerel, halibut, sardines, tuna, and herring. MayoClinic.com recommends adults consume at least two servings of omega-3 rich fish per week. Walnuts, flax seeds, chia seeds and many other seeds and nuts are rich in omega fatty acids. Soy, canola, pumpkin seed or pepita oils are also a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. Supplemental pills can be taken in amounts up to 3 g or 4 g of omega-3 fatty acids per day, but should not be the only source of your dietary intake. There is currently no specific recommended intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
Caution
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids does not take the place of prescription medications or inhalers in the management of asthma symptoms. Your doctor has the best understanding of your unique medical condition and treatment plans. Discuss with your doctor the addition of omega-3 fatty acids to your asthma treatment regimen.
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