Why Take Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are important essential fatty acids required for several physiological processes that cannot be synthesized endogenously by the body. Therefore, it is important to obtain them either from dietary sources such as fish, walnuts, soybeans, and flaxseed or olive oils or from fish oil or flaxseed oil supplements. Although, omega-3 fatty acids obtained from diet are generally safe, high doses of omega-3 supplements can cause belching, nausea and increased bleeding. It is, therefore, important to consult a physician before taking supplements to decide the dosage and to avoid adverse reactions and drug interactions.

Heart Health

Individuals consuming a diet rich in fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids tend to have increased levels of high-density lipoprotein, or "good," cholesterol in their blood and reduced levels of triglycerides and "bad" cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids also lower the blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke. UMMC also states that fish oils can help prevent plaque buildup in the arteries and help prevent blood clots.

Autoimmune Diseases

The Linus Pauling Institute of Oregon State University states that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduces the number of painful joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients. An article published in the December 2002 edition of the "Journal of American College of Nutrition" also says that dietary fish oil supplements provided significant benefit to patients suffering from autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis by decreasing the disease activity and reducing the need for anti-inflammatory drugs.

Mental Health

The UMMC also states that omega-3 fatty acids, when given along with prescription medications, may help reduce mood swings and other symptoms of psychological conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but that more research is needed. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may also help treat behavioral problems associated with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Certain animal studies, such as the one published in the December 2005 issue of the "Neurobiology of Aging," have revealed that omega-3 supplementation can benefit Alzheimer's patients and help them manage the condition better.

Skin Problems

Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish such as salmon and tuna help the skin retain moisture by inhibiting trans-epidermal water loss, says Leslie Baumann in the book "Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice." The supplements may also help prevent acne and facial redness.

Cancer

The UMMC states that a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids may slow the progression of colorectal cancer. They also report that women who take omega-3 supplements may be less likely to develop breast cancer and that omega-3 supplements may help prevent prostate cancer in men.

Pregnancy and Lactation

According to the Linus Pauling Institute, children of women taking omega-3 supplements during pregnancy and lactation score better on mental ability tests. Omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy may also lower the risk of premature delivery. They report that the Early Nutrition Academy, recommends that pregnant women consume at least 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is one of the omega-3 fatty acids.