Ligaments' main purpose is to connect bones to each other. However, even though ligaments are tough structures comprised of dense fibrous tissue, they can still can be stretched or even torn. This can be very painful, and if not remedied can become a chronic, reoccurring problem. A stretching of a ligament beyond its regular range of motion is known as a sprain.
Ankle Sprain
Overstretched ankle ligaments are known as ankle sprains. These injuries can occur when you land on your ankle awkwardly, or exercise on an uneven surface and twist your ankle. If you have stretched your ankle ligaments once, you are more likely to stretch them again. Ankle sprains are diagnosed using X-rays or computerized tomography, or CT, scans. Treated includes taking painkillers, immobilization and physical therapy.
Shoulder Dislocation
Overstretched shoulder ligaments are known as a separated shoulder. This type of injury is caused by a blow directly to your shoulder joint, or a fall directly on your shoulder, resulting in pain and loss of mobility in your shoulder. This condition is diagnosed using physical examination, MRI, computerized tomography and X-ray. Treatment includes immobilization, painkillers and, if necessary, surgery.
Knee Injury
Stretching of the ligaments of the knees is common in sports that require a lot of stopping and starting, such as soccer, hockey and tennis. These injuries cause knee swelling, pain and loss of mobility, and are diagnosed using MRI and computerized tomography. Treating this condition involves rest, painkillers and immobilization. Surgery may be required if the stretching of the ligaments is severe.
Risk Factors
People with poorly conditioned muscles are more likely to have stretched ligaments, as weaker muscles are more likely to give way and allow ligaments to stretch. The same is true of fatigued muscles. Warming up improperly before strenuous physical exercise also increases your chance for overstretched ligaments.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Sprains and Strain
- Mayo Clinic: Ankle Sprain
- Mayo Clinic: Knee Pain
- "Preventive and Social Medicine"; K. Park, J. E. Park; 1995
- Mayo Clinic: Separated Shoulder
