Hives that develop after taking B-12 may be a sign of an allergic reaction. Hives are clusters of welts that appear as a result of an allergic reaction, commonly related to a food or medication. When you introduce a new substance into your body, such as a B-12 supplement, you are at risk of developing an allergic reaction. Hives may also be a sign of anaphylactic shock, a severe allergic reaction that will require emergency medical attention. Discontinue the use of B-12 and call your doctor as soon as you notice hives.
Hives
Hives are red welts that appear on the surface of the skin that are triggered by histamine. When you experience an allergic reaction, your body produces histamine and other chemicals to fight off the allergen. Histamine causes inflammation, irritation and swelling in the skin, leaving it itchy and raised. Hives are identified by clearly defined edges that appear in various shapes and sizes. Hives can appear and disappear within a matter of minutes for no apparent reason.
Vitamin Allergy
A vitamin allergy is not considered common, but is possible. After you take B-12, your body may overreact because it doesn't recognize the substance. This can trigger the immune system to defend the body with immunoglobulin E antibody production. The creation of these antibodies causes other chemicals in the body to be produced, leading to various reactions in the body, such as hives and other skin rashes.
Anaphylactic Shock
Hives may be an initial sign of anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is a whole-body allergic reaction that releases excessive amounts of histamine throughout the body, sending it into a state of shock. Common symptoms of anaphylactic shock include a weak and rapid pulse, dizziness, fainting, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, a sensation of a lump in your throat, a feeling of doom and swelling in your face. This condition can lead to death and will require an injection of epinephrine, a drug that will provide relief to the symptoms that could be life-threatening. Call 911 if you develop these symptoms.
Other Symptoms
Other less threatening symptoms that may develop from a vitamin B-12 allergic reaction may include headaches, asthma, general fatigue, a runny nose, sneezing, wheezing, sniffling and nasal congestion. Some side effects of taking B-12 are not related to an allergic reaction. Common side effects may include numbness, joint pain, fever or weakness.
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