An oophorectomy is the removal of one or both your ovaries (female reproductive structure responsible for producing eggs and generating hormones). When one ovary is removed, the procedure is called a unilateral oophorectomy, and when both ovaries are removed, this is a bilateral oophorectomy. According to the Mayo Clinic, this procedure is performed if you have ovarian cancer, an ovarian abcess (localized infection containing pus), an ovarian cyst (benign growth) or suffer from ovarian torsion (twisting of the ovaries). This procedure can also be performed as a prophylactic measure against ovarian and breast cancer. Like all surgeries, an oophrectomy can lead to a few side effects.
Sterility
Ovaries are the site of egg production, and when both your ovaries are removed, you are unable to fertilize sperm to create a baby. According to the Merck Manual of Medical information, one ovary allows you to continue your menstrual cycle. Luteinizing and follicular stimulating hormones are produced in your pituitary gland located in your brain. These hormones act on your remaining ovary to stimulate estrogen and progesterone production necessary to carry a baby to term in your uterus (womb).
Early Menopause
If you have a bilateral oophorectomy, the Mayo Clinic states that you will experience symptoms of early menopause due to the absence of estrogen and progesterone production. The most common symptoms of early menopause include hot flashes, trouble sleeping, vaginal dryness and changes in your mood.
Osteoporosis
Your bones need estrogen to remain strong and calcified. According to the Mayo Clinic, estrogen dramatically declines with the removal of your ovaries. Without estrogen, your bones become brittle and susceptible to fracture, which is osteoporosis.
Infection
Like all surgical procedures, an oopherectomy can lead to an infection if sterile technique is not followed. Surgeons usually use sterile gowns, gloves and surgical equipment. In some rare instances, surgical instruments can be contaminated or a surgeon's gloves may have torn without his knowledge. This exposes your body to harmful bacteria in the environment and an aggressive infection can result.
