What Are Common Trace Minerals?

Trace minerals are inorganic compounds given their name because you only require small amounts of them in your body. Because your body can function optimally with only small amounts of trace minerals, it is only necessary that you consume small amounts of them in your diet. The recommended dietary allowance, or RDA, of any specific trace mineral does not exceed 20 mg. The amount of a trace mineral you need is not indicative of its importance, as each different trace mineral is vital to life.

Iron

Iron is the most plentiful trace mineral in your body. Nearly two-thirds of the iron in your body is contained in your hemoglobin, which is the protein center of your red blood cells. Myoglobin, a protein in your muscles, also contains large amounts of iron. The iron in these proteins is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide. Iron also plays a role in nerve transmissions in your brain.

Zinc

The trace mineral zinc is found in every cell in your body. It is involved in the creation of more than 100 enzymes, which are substances that produce chemical reactions in your body. Zinc also allows wounds to heal quickly and properly and plays a major role in your taste.

Fluoride

Fluoride is well-known for its role in keeping your teeth healthy. Fluoride can help repair enamel that has begun to erode and can also form a protective barrier between your teeth and acid produced by your body. Fluoride is especially important during infancy, when a child's teeth are growing.

Iodine

Your thyroid gland relies on iodine to make most of its hormones, which play a role in your metabolic rate and help ensure that your heart, nerves, muscles and intestines can function properly. According to "Nutrition and You" by Joan Salge Blake, approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones are composed of iodine.

Selenium

Selenium is a trace mineral that also functions as an antioxidant. High intakes of selenium have been associated with lower risks of certain types of cancer, including prostate and lung cancer. In addition to its antioxidant properties, selenium also helps regulate your thyroid hormones.

Copper

Copper helps your body absorb iron and ensures that you can synthesize hemoglobin, which is important for the creation of red blood cells. Copper is also involved in many enzymes and helps generate energy in your cells. Copper also plays a role in proper blood clotting, immune system function and the synthesis of melanin, the pigment that gives your skin color.