Depression & Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Depression is a serious medical and mental health disorder with a range of symptoms and forms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a serious type of depression called major depressive disorder is the most prominent mental illness in Americans, affecting more than 14 million adults a year. Primary treatment interventions for depression include medication therapy and psychotherapy. However, alternative approaches such as the use of omega-3 fatty acids shows promise as an adjunct treatment for reducing symptoms and onset. Consult your physician before trying alternative methods of treating depression to ensure safety.

Types of Depression and Symptoms

Depression is a form of mood disorder that ranges in symptom, severity and type. Dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder are the most common forms, but other forms of depressive disorders include postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Diagnosis for each specific type of depression is based on the length of symptom occurrence, precipitating events and overall severity of symptoms. For instance, postpartum depression is diagnosed in women displaying common symptoms after childbirth; seasonal affective disorder is diagnosed as a result of symptom occurrence during the winter. In either case, symptoms often include intense feelings of sadness, irritability and restlessness, decreased energy or fatigue and a general sense of hopelessness. In severe situations, thoughts of suicide or attempts at suicide can occur.

Depression Causes

There is no singular and specific cause of depression; a combination of factors influence onset. Changes in brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, hormonal imbalance and your stress level tolerance contribute to the possible development of the disorder. Genetic factors and the experience of early childhood trauma that causes permanent changes to the brain are also considerations, MayoClinic.com says. Nutritional imbalance such as omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is another factor considered as cause for depression. Upon diagnosis, all of these contributors are explored so your physician can formulate the best treatment plan.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids aren't naturally made by your body and must be obtained from food or supplement sources to prevent deficiency. Omega-3 is a form of polyunsaturated fat that's crucial for brain function and lifetime development. These fats are also significant for memory, energy level, performance and behavioral functions, the University of Maryland Medical Center says. Pregnant women deficient in omega-3 fatty acids are more likely to experience postpartum depression after birth, and the cognitive functions of the baby may also be impaired, says the American Pregnancy Association. PubMed Central indicates that preliminary studies of using omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of major depression symptoms of mood disturbance, irritability and suicidal ideation show a positive relationship between symptom reduction and daily intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

Omega-3 Sources and Dosing

The easiest way to get healthy and natural doses of omega-3 fatty acids is through eating fish at least twice a week. Salmon, mackerel, tuna and herring are high in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosaahexaenoic acid, the important fats responsible for healthy functions and symptom reduction. Fish oil capsules or flaxseed are supplemental forms of omega-3 available over the counter. Dosages vary depending on your condition; consult a doctor before using a supplement. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends adults use no more than 3g daily of omega-3 fatty acids from supplements.

Cautions, Interactions and Side Effects

Pregnant women that consume omega-3 sources should do so under physician supervision to prevent mercury toxicity. The American Pregnancy Association says that 12 oz. fish per week is the limit during pregnancy. If you're taking blood thinners or are prone to bleeding easily, high-dose use of omega-3 can increase your risk of bleeding. Omega-3 may also interact with diabetes medications and cholesterol-lowering medications. Stomach upset and skin rash are rare side effects associated with fish oil supplements. As with any supplement, consult your physician before use to determine safety.