According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression affects 121 million people worldwide. Even in the most severe cases, depression is highly treatable. The most effective treatment for depression is a combination of medication and psychotherapy. For all kinds of depression medication, it can take two to four weeks before patients feel the full effect of the medication. If one medication doesn't work, another may. All medications must be taken exactly as prescribed. Discontinuing medication can lead to relapse and should only take place under a doctor's supervision.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs are a class of antidepressants. SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin (a chemical) in the brain, leaving more serotonin available. The extra serotonin elevates mood. SSRIs are referred to as "selective" because they only act on serotonin and not on the other chemicals in the brain. Some medications that are SSRIs are Citalopram, Fluoxetine, and Sertraline. Common side effects are headache, nausea, insomnia, nervousness; sexual problems are common side effects.
Tricyclics
The Mayo Clinic notes that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine (two brain chemicals associated with depression). These were among the first antidepressants developed and include medications such as amitriptyline, imipramine, and protriptyline. Dry mouth, constipation, bladder problems, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness and blurred vision are common side effects.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
People taking MAOIs must follow a diet to avoid serious interactions. Foods that have the enzyme tyramine must be avoided. This chemical is found in many cheeses, wines and pickles. Some medications such as decongestants must also be avoided. If these foods and medications are not avoided, blood pressure can spike, which can result in stroke. Patients taking an MAOI should be given a list of prohibited foods and medications by a doctor or pharmacist. Common side effects of MAOIs include diarrhea, decreased urine output, lightheadedness, muscle twitching, low blood pressure and sleep disturbances.
