Milk thistle, scientifically referred to as silybum marianum, is an herbal remedy that has been used for over 2,000 years. The active ingredient in milk thistle is a flavonoid complex called silymarin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Milk thistle and silymarin are commonly used in the United States and Europe to treat liver disease caused by chronic alcoholism.
How It Works
The silymarin in milk thistle contains a group of flavonoids, which includes silibinin, silidianin and silicristin. These compounds are believed to repair liver cells that have been damaged by chronic exposure to alcohol. The silymarin may also protect new liver cells from damage caused by the toxins in alcohol. The anti-inflammatory properties of milk thistle can also reduce liver inflammation caused by alcohol abuse, referred to as alcoholic hepatitis.
Considerations
Many studies show evidence that milk thistle may improve the liver function and increase survival rate in those with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism. MayoClinic.com notes that most of these studies are poorly designed and more research is necessary before definitive statements about the use of milk thistle for cirrhosis treatment can be made.
Forms
Milk thistle is available in several different forms. One of the most common is a capsule form that usually contains 120 to 140 mg of silymarin. Milk thistle is also available as a liquid extract, tincture and silymarin phosphatidylcholine complex. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the body may be able to absorb silymarin phosphatidylcholine complex more easily than any of the other forms.
The recommended dosage for silymarin phosphatidylcholine complex is 100 to 200 mg two times per day. The recommended dosage for other forms of milk thistle is 280 to 450 mg per day, in two or three doses.
Side Effects
Milk thistle is generally considered safe, although it can produce some uncomfortable side effects. The most common side effects include stomach pain and diarrhea, although some people experience increased sweating, nausea, vomiting and weakness. Those that are allergic to milk thistle may experience a rash after exposure to the plant.
Warnings
You should consult your doctor before beginning supplementation with milk thistle. Alcoholism and liver disease caused by alcohol abuse are both very serious conditions that require the proper care of a licensed medical professional.
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