Lymphedema is a condition in which the fluid load in your tissues exceeds the transport capacity of the lymphatic system, creating chronic edema. When you exercise, your blood flow in the muscles increases because your body needs more oxygen to create energy. Increased blood flow means the level of fluid in the area increases. In the past, doctors often recommended that patients with lymphedema avoid exercising the affected limb to keep from making the problem worse. However, more recent research has shown that exercise is beneficial for the patient and doesn't make lymphedema worse.
Expert Insight
Exercise doesn't make lymphedema worse, and it contributes to physical and psychosocial recovery from cancer treatment, according to a 2009 article in "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise." Other studies show the same results. An article in "German Medical Science" in 2010 says active exercise can contribute to a reduction in the size of lymphedematous limbs. Low-intensity exercises can be performed without a compression sleeve, provided the sleeve is worn at other times, according to an article in the December 2005 issue of "Lymphology."
Considerations
The type of exercise you choose, if you have lymphedema, depends on any other health conditions you may have, such as diabetes, high blood pressure or heart disease. It also depends on the stage of lymphedema disease, as those who have stage one or stage two will find it easier to move and have a wider range of exercises available to them. For those with severe lymphedema, breathing exercises are a place to start, since it stimulates lymph circulation in the largest lymph vessel, the thoracic duct located near the lungs.
Guidelines
Wear your compression garments while exercising. Avoid high-impact exercises such as jumping and running, as they could exacerbate the edema. High-speed activities such as tennis or jogging may increase swelling. Part of the management of lymphedema is scrupulous skin care to avoid infections. The risk of infection is higher in lakes, pools or hot tubs.
Stretching
Stretching helps to maintain muscle strength and flexibility as well as joint flexibility. When stretching, move your limbs through their full range of motion. For your arms, this means stretching them overhead, toward the back, away from your body, across your chest and toward the front. You'll also want to stretch the rotators by putting your hands behind your head and then behind your waist, pressing the elbows backward until you feel a stretch.
Strength-Building Exercises
Walking, cycling or exercising with light weights are all generally considered safe. Begin slowly and work up to more intense exercise gradually. Look for tightness, signs of swelling or changes in your skin during and after exercise. If no swelling occurs, work up to heavier weights. Breathe slowly, smoothly and deeply while exercising to compress the thoracic duct as well as to maintain your energy.
References
- Lymphedema People: Lymphedema Exercise
- Lymphedema Therapy: Lymphedema and Exercises
- "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"; Exercise and Secondary Lymphedema; S.C. Hayes, et al.; March 2009
- "German Medical Science"; Active Exercises Utilizing a Facilitating Device in the Treatment of Lymphedema Resulting From Breast Cancer Therapy; M.F. Godoy, et al.; November 2010
- "Lymphology"; Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise for Breast Cancer Patients With Arm Lymphedema With or Without Compression Sleeve; K. Johansson, et al.; December 2005
- "Physiotherapy Canada"; Effect of Acute Exercise on Upper-Limb Volume in Breast Cancer Survivors; M.L. McNeely, et al.; November 2009
