Who Should Not Take Probiotics?

Probiotics, new to the health care fields of gastroenterology and nutrition, are lacking in sufficient proof to support usage at this time. Probiotics, meaning "for life," are a group of microorganisms which purportedly can boost the protective function of intestinal bacteria when reduced by disorders, poor nutrition and the effects of antibiotics. Probiotics, unnecessary with stable health status and a balanced diet, may cause problems when underlying conditions exist.

Restrictions

Probiotics are not recommended with some pre-existing conditions such as immune system disorders including HIV, AIDS and leukemias, opportunistic infections, and immunosuppressive treatments like chemotherapy. Probiotics might stimulate a systemic infection when these underlying diseases exist. Individuals with intestinal bleeding or on steroids are at increased risk of absorption of probiotics into the bloodstream, causing serious systemic infections. Endocarditis, an infection within the heart muscle; neurological disorders; and antibiotic resistance are potential risks with probiotic use. Consult your physician before using probiotics.

Types and Sources

Some species of probiotics in use include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, Saccharomyces boulardii, Streptococcus salvarius and Enterococcus faecium. Sources of probiotics include commercial preparations such as tablets, liquid extracts, powders and capsules. Additionally, food sources with probiotics include yogurt, sour milk, fermented and unfermented milk, buttermilk, soy drinks, sauerkraut, a variety of pickles, and some soft cheeses. Probiotics are taken with meals to prevent stomach acids from destroying them. Side effects include allergic reactions, flatulence and abdominal distention.

Uses

Intestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis and antibiotic-induced colitis, show symptomatic relief with probiotic use. Symptoms of these disorders include bloating, gas, profuse diarrhea and abdominal cramping. The reduction of symptoms is credited to the changes in intestinal bacteria from probiotics, which decrease inflammation and gas production. Saccharomyces boulardii, a live yeast, is given orally to decrease episodes of recurring infection with antibiotic-induced colitis. Probiotics are also effective in controlling infections, called pouchitis, which can occur after surgical removal of the colon and creation of a pouch for stool collection.

Precautions

Sold as food products and dietary supplements, probiotics are not subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval and consequently are prohibited from making diagnostic, preventive, treatment or curative claims. Probiotics are regulated as food products and not as drugs or medications, which require strict evidence of effectiveness. Consult your physician before taking probiotics or giving them to children, especially those with pre-existing diseases or conditions.