Diverticulosis is a condition in which there are areas of outpouchings of the large intestine. While most individuals are not symptomatic, some can experience constipation and abdominal pain. More serious cases can lead to bleeding or diverticulitis -- or inflammation or infection of these outpouchings. As diverticulosis is more common as you age, the goal for preventing this condition and complications is establishing healthy lifestyle choices.
Risk Factors
Diverticulosis is far more prevalent in Western countries, where much of the population consumes low-fiber, processed foods. The incidence of diverticulosis increases with age, with nearly 50 percent of individuals over the age of 80 presenting with this condition. The most common risk factors for diverticulosis -- apart from increased age -- include a low-fiber diet, high intake of meat and constipation. It is theorized that these risk factors cause increase pressure in the colon when attempting to pass stool; over the years, areas of weakness will tend to herniate out, causing these outpouchings. For these reasons, dietary changes can not only prevent the onset of diverticulosis, but also the progression to infection or inflammation.
Foods to Consume
As diet plays a significant role in the development and progression of diverticulosis, dietary management focuses on consumption of a high-fiber diet and proper hydration. This is the first step of management for patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis. These factors naturally soften the stool and allow it to bulk, thereby facilitating smoother expulsion. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearing House suggests eating high fiber fruits, such as raw apples, pears and peaches; whole grain forms of rice, bread and cereals; starchy vegetables and legumes; and high-fiber vegetables such as fresh broccoli, carrots and Brussels sprouts. The goal is to consume at least 25 g to 30 g of fiber per day.
Other Dietary Advice
Drink at least eight cups of fluid per day and participate in some form of exercise to promote proper bowel movement. For many years, physicians recommended avoiding nuts, seeds and popcorn, as these foods can enter the diverticula and cause inflammation; however, there is little scientific evidence to back this claim. Perhaps the most useful exercise is to maintain a food diary to better identify which foods tend to trigger symptoms.
Conclusion
The risk of diverticulosis increases with age, with less than 5 percent of cases before the age of 40. Early onset of diverticulosis could be a harbinger for more serious conditions, such as colon or rectal cancer. Thus, when symptoms appear, it is prudent to consult a physician for medical evaluation before considering self-treatment. Furthermore, it is critical to consult a physician when symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, bleeding or change in bowel patterns occur.
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