An ostomy is an abdominal opening created after bowel surgery. Certain conditions may require the removal of portions of your small intestine, colon or rectum; common procedures include ileostomy and colostomy. In an ileostomy, the colon and the rectum are removed, and the ileum is attached to the abdominal opening. In a colostomy, the rectum is removed, and the colon is attached to the opening. Wastes exit the body through the opening into an ostomy bag. During the first six weeks after surgery, certain foods may need to be avoided to reduce symptoms such as diarrhea, obstruction, gas and odors.
Dairy
Dairy products can be eaten after surgery, but if they begin to cause discomfort or diarrhea, try lactose-free products. Skim milk, yogurt, cheese, soymilk, low-fat ice cream and sherbet are recommended. Buttermilk, yogurt and kefir may decrease bad odors. Cheese can help to thicken your stool if you are experiencing diarrhea.
Protein Foods
Meats and poultry can be eaten if they are prepared with little added fat. Nut butters, fish and eggs are recommended but may cause odors. Try these foods in small amounts when introducing them back into your diet. Nuts should be avoided, as they may cause obstruction. Dried beans may cause gas and odors and should be avoided. If you experience diarrhea, smooth nut butters may help to thicken the stool.
Fruits and Vegetables
Most well-cooked vegetables can be eaten without causing discomfort. Vegetables that are known to cause gas and odors are broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, onions, garlic, leeks and asparagus. Lettuce and strained vegetable juice are recommended. Potatoes may help with diarrhea. Most fruit juices are recommended, except for prune and grape juice, as they can cause diarrhea. Peeled fruits are recommended; peels, high in fiber, may cause problems. Bananas and applesauce can help to thicken stools. Dried fruits should be avoided, as they may cause obstruction.
Grains
When eating grains after surgery, avoid whole-grain foods that are high in fiber; instead, eat refined grains, such as white rice, breads and pasta. Do not eat whole-wheat breads or pastas or use whole-wheat flour. The refined grains are recommended because they can help to ease diarrhea. After several weeks, you may gradually introduce whole-grain products back into your diet. Start with small amounts to assess how you feel after eating them.
References
- "Nutrition Therapy and Pathophysiology"; Marcia Nelms, Kathryn Sucher, Sara Long; 2007
- "Nutrition Care Manual"; Colostomy Nutrition Therapy; American Dietetic Association; 2009
- "Nutrition Care Manual"; Ileostomy Nutrition Therapy; American Dietetic Association; 2009
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