A muscle cramp or "charley horse" can happen to anyone at anytime. Many different health conditions can lead to muscle cramps or they can happen without warning. Cramps are most likely to occur in extreme heat, to those who are inactive especially over the age of 65 and to athletes in their preseason, especially at the end of the long workout session. Certain vitamins and minerals can help.
Causes
A muscle cramp is a sudden involuntary contraction or spasm of muscle. Cramping often happens in muscles that span two joints, such as the gastrocnemius, or calf muscle, hamstrings and quadriceps. Specific reasons for cramping can include dehydration, medications that deplete the body of vital nutrients such as potassium and magnesium, drinking alcohol, which can cause dehydration, and certain kidney diseases.
Helpful Minerals
Engaging in activities that cause excessive sweating without replacing both nutrients and fluids can lead to a deficiency in potassium, magnesium and calcium. Additionally certain medications such as diuretics can lead to a loss of magnesium and potassium. Eating foods rich in potassium and magnesium will help decrease the chances of cramping. Foods high in potassium and magnesium include bananas, nuts, fish and cantaloupe.
Vitamin B
Deficiency of B vitamins can lead to muscle cramps. MayoClinic.com states that B vitamins are a possible alternative solution for muscle cramps. While lack of B vitamins can lead to muscle cramps, the research does not support B vitamin supplementation to help prevent muscle cramps. Taking a B complex may help reduce current complaints but may not help as a preventative measure.
Quinine
While quinine was initially used to help treat the symptoms of malaria, the off label uses for this drug have been found to help with nighttime leg cramps. Research as recent as 2010 has shown some use for quinine and leg cramps, but currently the National Institutes of Health and the Federal Drug Administration have stated that the side effects from this drug outweigh the risks for using this medication for leg cramps. Until further research comes forth showing a safe and effective dose, the FDA does not encourage using quinine or other related medications.
